The US Military Police (correctly named: Military Police Corps, abbreviation: MP) is part of the US military that was formally established in September 1941. However, the genesis of the US Military Police dates back to the 18th century, and more specifically the US Independence War (1775-1783), when the first units responsible for observing discipline and law enforcement among soldiers appeared in the American army. However, in 1783 they were dissolved. Similar services also appeared during the Civil War (1861-1865) and during World War I, but after each of these conflicts was over, they were resolved. The US Military Police, which also functioned in peacetime, was not established until September 1941. Its main tasks were to ensure the observance of discipline in the American armed forces, prosecution of common crimes, but also participation in broadly understood police actions or managing road traffic of military vehicles. During World War II, MP had several schools educating future gendarmes (including Camp Gordon and Fort Benjamin Harrison). Soldiers belonging to this formation were used on a large scale during operations in Italy (1943-1945), Normandy and North-West Europe (1944-1945), but also in the South Pacific (1942-1945).
Long before the start of World War II, the United States had a well-developed automotive industry, which in the 1920s and 1930s clearly dominated its European competitors. Considering the complete security of this industrial base in 1939-1945, it is not surprising that it was quickly converted to armaments production and, thanks to its enormous capabilities, made the US Army fighting in Europe or the Far East properly fully motorized and to a very high degree. mechanized. The saturation with motor vehicles was then much higher in the US Army than in the Soviet or German armies. In the case of infantry and artillery units, on the one hand, this translated into a very high mobility of these units, but on the other hand, it also allowed for a huge acceleration of actions. Among the several types of trucks used at that time (1941-1945) in the US Army, it is worth mentioning the GMC CCKW or the Studebaker US-6. The Willys Jeep light all-terrain vehicle also seemed to be ubiquitous. The degree of saturation with trucks and off-road vehicles of US Army units can be proved by the time of the "light" armored division from 1943, which assumed the possession of, among others, 460 trucks with a capacity of 2.5 tons and 449 Willys vehicles! Also, American infantry divisions were de facto motorized divisions, as they often used motor vehicles to cover longer distances.